Mussolini and Italian Fascism
- Mussolini is the Founder of Fascism
- Used blackshirts as a paramilitary force (private army,there job is to intimidate people)
- Hitler used the Brownshirts
- Comes to power in 1923 after the March on Rome
- King Emmanuel III refused to sign an emergency legislation to prevent it- he refused allowing Mussolini to come to power
- In the end the government allowed it because King Emmanuel didn't have much say
Fascism
- Fascist traits:
- Private ownership encouraged and aided by the government (less taxes)
- Censorship of the media
- Imperialistic
- Nationalistic (flag waving, pride)
- Militaristic
- Non-democratic
- Often totalitarian dictatorship (one person making all the calls)
- "Anti-liberal, anti-mass democracy, anti-socialist" (hate every other political parties, especially communism)
Il Duce (The Leader, Mussolini)
- Acerbo Law- forced through the parliament guaranteed that the party with the most votes would get 2/3 of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies
- Socialist leader, Giacomo Matteotti murdered for speaking out against the Fascists
- By 1926 all anti-fascist parties had been eliminated
- Freedom of press, assembly and speech were eliminated
The Lateran Accords, 1929
- The Catholic Church was the most powerful raining body in Italy
- Fearing Mussolini's wrath the Pope Pius XI signed a deal
- Control over religious education in schools
- Recognition as the state religion (only catholicism)
- the right for the pope to rule his own state known as the Vatican
- Mussolini got the recognition by the Church as the legitimate leader
Summary
Mussolini was said to be the founder of Fascism because he was the first to take action. He used a force called the Black Shirts which were meant to intimidate people and do his bidding. He came into power through the March on Rome. He believed in the economy, imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism and dictatorship. Because at this time the church was the most power fail raining body in Italy and because the pope feared Mussolini he signed an accord with him. The pope was given control of education in schools, recognition as the state religion (only catholicism) and the right to rule his own state known as the Vatican for agreeing with Mussolini. With his agreement Mussolini had to be recognized by the Church as the Legitimate leader. This was all the beginning of Fascism in Europe.